It depends on what you are after. Ice racer, hill climber, rally, motard....? Peak HP, bottom torque, usability, maintenance schedule?
I have mostly gathered 570 info so I know that I like to use a 450 air boot and that a 450 ECU can give me more rpm.
You could get more and longer lift from a 570 cam, but I don't know if you want that as I don't know what type of characteristics you are after (and honestly I'm a bit short when calculating timings in a 4 stroke). There are other KTM cams that can be used, but which one I have no clue (I settled with the oem cam).
If you want a shorter intake to get more top performance you could have a look at the 570 boot as it have no tract.
I don't think headers are doing much of a difference in Hp. The "powerbombs" and what not are there to lower the dB, and as a side effect they might change the characteristics(?). Ljunggrens motor told me that they didn't see any hp increase with the akra header, but it's more lightweight and lowers the dB with 2dB (important when you compete). Doma has much thicker header and midpipe, but bigger is not always better. If you want to have a rally bike you can find examples of more straight pipes.
A head is always better after it's given a bit of love. No need to change the profile but to remove obvious imperfections can help. Then you can go full out and send it to a shop which will test it in the flow bench.
But really everything is doable as it's a 4 stroke. It's really up to what you want to do and how much you want to spend. Most "shake'n'bake" 70d tunes found on internet are from 570 engines.
You can convert to 570 (or most cc between 500 and 660 depending on what crank and cylinder you use).
Maybe you could find out what the Dakar teams are doing to their KTM 450s? But I guess the answer is "a bit of everything"..?
So yes there are for sure a lot of things you can do. But that answer is as vague as the question
So what do you want to achieve? Maybe then other more knowledgeable members of this forum will give you better answer than mine?